Childhood Apraxia of Speech

What is it? How does it affect learning, school performance, and social skills?

First, let's define praxis. Praxis, in simple terms, is a process by which one

  • Generates an idea of something he wants to do or say
  • Comes up with a plan
  • Sequences the movement, actions or sounds in words, involved in performing the task
  • Either does something or says something

Another part of the process is the feedback loop. If praxis is efficient, but some accuracy is lost, the student can 'correct' the movement or what was said.

What goes wrong when my child has Dyspraxia?

Typically some part of the process is not working as expected. However, it is important to note that with increased, specific, well-designed practice, one can become better at creating new ideas and acting upon them.

Children with Dyspraxia may:
Have difficulty nursing, drinking, and/or eating.

They may have difficulty with the sequence and coordination of these fine motor movements. In addition, the child who is extremely sensitive in the mouth may not want to move the tongue as much to produce speech, as it may be this type of touch may be very irritating.

It is very important for infants and toddlers to experience lots of oral input by exploring objects with their mouths, by chewing and swallowing,and by producing sounds. Often the child with oral or verbal dyspraxia may have an underlying oral defensiveness that prevents the oral practice needed to be able to drink, eat, and talk.


Be late to talk.

An early sign of dyspraxia is a reduction in the amount and types of babbling a child produces at ages 6-9 months. At age 9-12 months, a child typically is able to string together more complex consonant-vowel combinations and add inflection, as if having a conversation.

The child who has poor, unintelligible articulation may demonstrate dyspraxia due to the difficulty sequencing and producing sounds rapidly to produce speech.


Be late to sit, crawl, stand, and/or walk.

A child who does not achieve early Developmental motor milestones may be having difficulty with praxis. There are other reasons, such as muscle weakness or sensory processing problems, that may cause a child not to sit, crawl, stand, and/or walk 'on time,' but dyspraxia should be one possible culprit.

The child who does not play with toys at age 9-18 months, may not be interested due to the difficulty to perform the motor movements required to activate and play with toys. This child may throw toys due to his inability to play effectively and receive enjoyment from doing so.

Actions such as throwing toys or moving from toy-to-toy may be misinterpreted as 'bad behavior' or just not being interested, when dyspraxia may be root of the problem.


Other possible signs of Dyspraxia
  • clumsy
  • more cautious to try new motor activities
  • finds it difficult to jump, hop, and/or skip
  • has trouble throwing a ball
  • is slower to learn to ride a bike
  • has difficulty playing sports with peers

Oral, verbal, and motor dyspraxia may present differently from child to child. It is important to have an experienced Speech-Language Pathologist and/or Occupational Therapist help to determine the cause(s) of your child's difficulty.

The good news

We at SPS have developed innovative models to address dyspraxia. After we pinpoint the root causes of your child's difficulty, we work with you to design the most effective, efficient therapeutic program. Sometimes individual Speech-Language Therapy and/or Occupational Therapy is most successful. However, other intervention models such as Speech-Language and Occupational Co-Treatment is the preferred approach to yield the most success. Ultimately, we want your child to have fun and enjoy the success of developing new skills.

Often, it's the 'right' combination of therapy and support programming at the 'right' time that is most effective. As your child grows and increases her skills, we at SPS, adjust our therapeutic programming to provide the 'right' challenge for continued success.


Contact Information

  • 750 Hammond Drive
    Building 4, Suite 100
    Atlanta, GA 30328
  • 404-459-9192
  • Wendy Fern

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